1.
I’d been a mess when I heard about the accident, refusing to believe it was true … Dan had been great, liaising with the authorities for me and arranging for their bodies to be brought home from Spain and everything
2.
They’d gone away on a holiday to Spain
3.
‘But they are Catholic here in Spain … they follow Rome
4.
Although the weather here is dry (thank goodness), it is considerably cooler than it was in Spain and I am feeling it – much as I anticipated
5.
‘Bristol at the moment, though she’s moving to Spain this summer
6.
She puts the schooner of sherry to her lips and lets the thick, sickly sweet amber wine from the Jerez region of southern Spain slide around her mouth
7.
Spain, but they all seemed to be staying in the pilgrim’s
8.
This smal country nestled in the Pyrenees Mountains is surrounded by France and Spain
9.
The island forms the entrance between Spain and Africa
10.
The copper of Japan makes an article of commerce in Europe; the iron of Spain in that of Chili and Peru
11.
Till 1736, indeed, the tax of the king of Spain amounted to one fifth of the standard silver, which till then might be considered as the real rent of the greater part of the silver mines of Peru, the richest which have been known in the world
12.
The tax of the king of Spain, accordingly, is said to be very ill paid, and that of the duke of Cornwall very well
13.
In the greater part of the silver mines of Peru, the tax of the king of Spain, amounting to a tenth of the gross produce, eats up, it has already been observed, the whole rent of the land
14.
Spain and Portugal, indeed, are supposed to have gone backwards
15.
Portugal, however, is but a very small part of Europe, and the declension of Spain is not, perhaps, so great as is commonly imagined
16.
In the beginning of the sixteenth century, Spain was a very poor country, even in comparison with France, which has been so much improved since that time
17.
who had travelled so frequently through both countries, that every thing abounded in France, but that every thing was wanting in Spain
18.
}, the annual importation of the precious metals into Spain, at an average of six years, viz
19.
According to the eloquent, and sometimes well-informed, author of the Philosophical and Political History of the Establishment of the Europeans in the two Indies, the annual importation of registered gold and silver into Spain, at an average of eleven years, viz
20.
According to this account, therefore, the whole annual importation of the precious metals into both Spain and Portugal, mounts to about £ 6,075,000 sterling
21.
The tax of the king of Spain upon gold is only one-twentieth part of the standard metal, or five per cent
22.
The tax, indeed, of the king of Portugal upon the gold of the Brazils, is the same with the ancient tax of the king of Spain upon the silver of Mexico and Peru; or one-fifth part of the standard metal
23.
lower than it would have been, had the court of Spain continued to exact the old tax
24.
In some provinces of Spain, I have been assured, the sheep is frequently killed merely for the sake of the fleece and the tallow
25.
If this sometimes happens even in Spain, it happens almost constantly in Chili, at Buenos Ayres, and in many other parts of Spanish America, where the horned cattle are almost constantly killed merely for the sake of the hide and the tallow
26.
First, of the absolute prohibition of exporting wool from England: secondly, of the permission of importing it from Spain, duty free: thirdly, of the prohibition of exporting it from Ireland to another country but England
27.
Spain and Portugal, the countries which possess the mines, are, after Poland, perhaps the two most beggarly countries in Europe
28.
The value of the precious metals, however, must be lower in Spain and Portugal than in any other part of Europe, as they come from those countries to all other parts of Europe, loaded, not only with a freight and an insurance, but with the expense of smuggling, their exportation being either prohibited or subjected to a duty
29.
Though the feudal system has been abolished in Spain and Portugal, it has not been succeeded by a much better
30.
exodus of the Jews from Spain, on to 1500th
31.
the reasons of the distance, (Spain, for example,
32.
Part of the wool of Spain is manufactured in Great Britain, and some part of that cloth is afterwards sent back to Spain
33.
Such, too, was Egypt till it was conquered by the Turks, some part of the coast of Barbary, and all those provinces of Spain which were under the government of the Moors
34.
The foreign commerce of Spain and Portual to the other parts of Europe, though chiefly carried on in foreign ships, is very considerable
35.
Spain and Portugal, the proprietors of the principal mines which supply Europe with those metals, have either prohibited their exportation under the severest penalties, or subjected it to a considerable duty
36.
All the sanguinary laws of Spain and Portugal are not able to keep their gold and silver at home
37.
The whole gold and silver annually imported into both Spain and Portugal, according to the best accounts, does not commonly much exceed £6,000,000 sterling, which, in some years, would scarce have paid four months expense of the late war
38.
The government of that country, at that time under the dominion of Spain, prohibited, in return, the importation of English woollens
39.
It is the peculiar situation of Spain and Portugal, as proprietors of the mines
40.
Those metals ought naturally, therefore, to be somewhat cheaper in Spain and Portugal than in any other part of Europe
41.
Spain and Portugal, therefore, could suffer very little from their peculiar situation, if they did not aggravate its disadvantages by their political institutions
42.
Spain by taxing, and Portugal by prohibiting, the exportation of gold and silver, load that exportation with the expense of smuggling, and raise the value of those metals in other countries so much more above what it is in their own, by the whole amount of this expense
43.
The prohibition of exportation cannot detain a greater quantity of gold and silver in Spain and Portugal, than what they can afford to employ, than what the annual produce of their land and labour will allow them to employ, in coin, plate, gilding, and other ornaments of gold and silver
44.
The annual exportation of gold and silver from Spain and Portugal, accordingly, is, by all accounts, notwithstanding these restraints, very near equal to the whole annual importation
45.
As the water, however, must always be deeper behind the dam-head than before it, so the quantity of gold and silver which these restraints detain in Spain and Portugal, must, in proportion to the annual produce of their land and labour, be greater than what is to be found in other countries
46.
The higher the tax, the higher the penalties with which the prohibition is guarded, the more vigilant and severe the police which looks after the execution of the law, the greater must be the difference in the proportion of gold and silver to the annual produce of the land and labour of Spain and Portugal, and to that of other countries
47.
The cheapness of gold and silver, or, what is the same thing, the dearness of all commodities, which is the necessary effect of this redundancy of the precious metals, discourages both the agriculture and manufactures of Spain and Portugal, and enables foreign nations to supply them with many sorts of rude, and with almost all sorts of manufactured produce, for a smaller quantity of gold and silver than what they themselves can either raise or make them for at home
48.
They not only lower very much the value of the precious metals in Spain and Portugal, but by detaining there a certain quantity of those metals which would otherwise flow over other countries, they keep up their value in those other countries somewhat above what it otherwise would be, and thereby give those countries a double advantage in their commerce with Spain and Portugal
49.
Remove the tax and the prohibition, and as the quantity of gold and silver will diminish considerably in Spain and Portugal, so it will increase somewhat in other countries ; and the value of those metals, their proportion to the annual produce of land and labour, will soon come to a level, or very near to a level, in all
50.
The loss which Spain and Portugal could sustain by this exportation of their gold and silver, would be altogether nominal and imaginary
51.
The bounty upon the exportation of corn necessarily operates exactly in the same way as this absurd policy of Spain and Portugal
52.
Though the system of laws which is connected with the bounty, has exactly the same tendency with the practice of Spain and Portugal, to lower somewhat the value of the precious metals in the country where it takes place; yet Great Britain is certainly one of the richest countries in Europe, while Spain and Portugal are perhaps amongst the most beggarly
53.
First, the tax in Spain, the prohibition in Portugal of exporting gold and silver, and the vigilant police which watches over the execution of those laws, must, in two very poor countries, which between them import annually upwards of six millions sterling, operate not only more directly, but much more forcibly, in reducing the value of those metals there, than the corn laws can do in Great Britain
54.
Industry is there neither free nor secure; and the civil and ecclesiastical governments of both Spain and Portugal are such as would alone be sufficient to perpetuate their present state of poverty, even though their regulations of commerce were as wise as the greatest part of them are absurd and foolish
55.
In buying gold of Portugal, indeed, we buy it at the first hand ; whereas, in buying it of any other nation, except Spain, we should buy it at the second, and might pay somewhat dearer
56.
It was upon this silly notion, however, that England could not subsist without the Portugal trade, that, towards the end of the late war, France and Spain, without pretending either offence or provocation, required the king of Portugal to exclude all British ships from his ports, and, for the security of this exclusion, to receive into them French or Spanish garrisons
57.
Had the king of Portugal submitted to those ignominious terms which his brother-in-law the king of Spain proposed to him, Britain would have been freed from a much greater inconveniency than the loss of the Portugal trade, the burden of supporting a very weak ally, so unprovided of every thing for his own defence, that the whole power of England, had it been directed to that single purpose, could scarce, perhaps, have defended him for another campaign
58.
It was of importance to Columbus, however, that the countries which he had discovered, whatever they were, should be represented to the court of Spain as of very great consequence ; and, in what constitutes the real riches of every country, the animal and vegetable productions of the soil, there was at that time nothing which could well justify such a representation of them
59.
Domingo, therefore, was represented as a country abounding with gold, and upon that account (according to the prejudices not only of the present times, but of those times), an inexhaustible source of real wealth to the crown and kingdom of Spain
60.
government of Spain has, upon many occasions, been obliged to recall or soften the orders which had been given for the government of her colonies, for fear of a general insurrection
61.
The crown of Spain, by its share of the gold and silver, derived some revenue from its colonies from the moment of their first establishment
62.
While Portugal was under the dominion of Spain, Brazil was attacked by the Dutch, who got possession of seven of the fourteen provinces into which it is divided
63.
Towards the end of the fifteenth, and during the greater part of the sixteenth century, Spain and Portugal were the two great naval powers upon the ocean ; for though the commerce of Venice extended to every part of Europe, its fleet had scarce ever sailed beyond the Mediterranean
64.
The power of Spain and Portugal, on the contrary, derives some support from the taxes levied upon their colonies
65.
Tithes take place in all of them, and are levied with the utmost rigour in those of Spain and Portugal
66.
This, however, till within these few years, had always been the policy of Spain; and the price of all European goods, accordingly, is said to have been enormous in the Spanish West Indies
67.
The policy of Portugal is, in this respect, the same as the ancient policy of Spain, with regard to all its colonies, except Pernambucco and Marannon; and with regard to these it has lately adopted a still worse
68.
This superiority of conduct is suitable both to the character of the French nation, and to what forms the character of every nation, the nature of their government, which, though arbitrary and violent in comparison with that of Great Britain, is legal and free in comparison with those of Spain and Portugal
69.
The conquest of Mexico was the project, not of the council of Spain, but of a governor of Cuba ; and it was effectuated by the spirit of the bold adventurer to whom it was entrusted, in spite of every thing which that governor, who soon repented of having trusted such a person, could do to thwart it
70.
The conquerors of Chili and Peru, and of almost all the other Spanish settlements upon the continent of America, carried out with them no other public encouragement, but a general permission to make settlements and conquests in the name of the king of Spain
71.
The government of Spain contributed scarce any thing to any of them
72.
But that the monopoly of the trade of populous and thriving colonies is not alone sufficient to establish, or even to maintain, manufactures in any country, the examples of Spain and Portugal sufficiently demonstrate
73.
Spain and Portugal were manufacturing countries before they had any considerable colonies
74.
In Spain and Portugal, the bad effects of the monopoly, aggravated by other causes, have, perhaps, nearly overbalanced the natural good effects of the colony trade
75.
Have the exorbitant profits of the merchants of Cadiz and Lisbon augmented the capital of Spain and Portugal ? Have they alleviated the poverty, have they promoted the industry, of those two beggarly countries? Such has been the tone of mercantile expense in those two trading cities, that those exorbitant profits, far from augmenting the general capital of the country, seem scarce to have been sufficient to keep up the capitals upon which they were made
76.
The colonies of Spain and
77.
Portugal, for example, give more real encouragement to the industry of other countries than to that of Spain and Portugal
78.
Spain and Portugal furnish but a small part of it
79.
The profits of it only are spent in Spain and Portugal, where they help to support the sumptuous profusion of the merchants of Cadiz and Lisbon
80.
Should the war in America drag out through another campaign, the American militia may become, in every respect, a match for that standing army, of which the valour appeared, in the last war at least, not inferior to that of the hardiest veterans of France and Spain
81.
From the end of the first to the beginning of the second Carthaginian war, the armies of Carthage were continually in the field, and employed under three great generals, who succeeded one another in the command; Amilcar, his son-in-law Asdrubal, and his son Annibal: first in chastising their own rebellious slaves, afterwards in subduing the revolted nations of Africa; and lastly, in conquering the great kingdom of Spain
82.
The army which Annibal led from Spain into Italy must necessarily, in those different wars, have been gradually formed to the exact discipline of a standing army
83.
The standing army which Annibal left behind him in Spain had the like superiority over the militia which the Romans sent to oppose it; and, in a few years, under the command of his brother, the younger Asdrubal, expelled them almost entirely from that country
84.
Asdrubal judged it necessary to lead the whole, or almost the whole, of the standing army which he commanded in Spain, to the assistance of his brother in Italy
85.
When Asdrubal had left Spain, the great Scipio found nothing to oppose him but a militia inferior to his own
86.
That dismemberment, perhaps, never served any other real purpose than to alienate from England her natural ally the king of Spain, and to unite the two principal branches of the house of Bourbon in a much stricter and more permanent alliance than the ties of blood could ever have united them
87.
In 1734, the company petitioned the king, that they might be allowed to dispose of the trade and tonnage of their annual ship, on account of the little profit which they made by it, and to accept of such equivalent as they could obtain from the king of Spain
88.
In 1748, all the demands of the company upon the king of Spain, in consequence of the assiento contract, were, by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, given up for what was supposed an equivalent
89.
In this critical situation of its affairs the papal court was at sufficient pains to cultivate the friendship of the powerful sovereigns of France and Spain, of whom the latter was at that time emperor of Germany
90.
, king of Spain and emperor of Germany
91.
The same thing maybe said of the taxes upon tea and sugar, which, in England and Holland, have become luxuries of the lowest ranks of people; and of those upon chocolate, which, in Spain, is said to have become so
92.
The famous alcavala of Spain seems to have been established upon this principle
93.
It is to the alcavala, accordingly, that Ustaritz imputes the ruin of the manufactures of Spain
94.
Spain seems to have learned the practice from the Italian republics, and (its taxes being probably less judicious than theirs) it has, in proportion to its natural strength, been-still more enfeebled
95.
The debts of Spain are of very old standing
96.
The wise republic of Holland has, upon some occasions, been obliged to have recourse to taxes as inconvenient as the greater part of those of Spain
97.
considerable liberation of the public revenue had been brought about, and growing in its progress as expensive as the last war, may, from irresistible necessity, render the British system of taxation as oppressive as that of Holland, or even as that of Spain
98.
Spend lots of time in Spain and less time at work
99.
He was looking forward to Spain and oblivious to his spirit
100.
He loved Spain and couldn’t wait to get there
