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the controversy over President Obama’s African-American Indeed; where in the world can Africans feel free to be designation)
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(which is another way to say ethnicity) is essential to their The generation of African-Americans that were children in American identity; as in when and how their people came to those days, i
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But alas, my people have been made to African-American adult could rebuke any African-American believe we are simply a race of black men; no longer African; child because we were one community—a village, if you no ethnicities to speak of; no sufficient argument for our will—of displaced Africans; a people still emerging from the humanity
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The sailors included seven African-Americans
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The African-American sailors occupied the forecastle at the front of the ship
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and the defendant was African-American/Hispanic
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While the shorter, pudgier officer reported an update back to his station, the young African-American one took out a pair of rubber gloves and slipped them on
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Matthew Sanders was a tall, muscular African-American with sharp, black eyes
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He opens the door and takes her on a tour of his beautiful home, which is decorated in earth tones and African-American theme
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Their ranks included white and African-American personnel, a rarity in this period of the segregated armed forces (Ambrose, pp
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African-Americans have served the Revenue Service and Coast Guard with distinction
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African-Americans served in all the wars the RCS and USCG have engaged in, from the Revolutionary War to the present
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The distinguished African-American author wrote histories of the Coast Guard, civil rights leaders, and slavery, and won a Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1977
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The chief petty officer commended his 20 years of Coast Guard experience, and honed his writing skills during long periods of sea duty on the USCGC Mendota (“African-Americans in the United States Coast Guard,” pp
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MCPO Patton was the first African-American to achieve the top enlisted rank (U
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This became a guidebook for a lot of African-American leaders, including Rev
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Goofer dust is used in the African-American hoodoo tradition
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Being of African-American descent, her skin carries with it a certain caramel coloring, which, if it had not been for the acne, many a young person might sit up and take notice; added to this is her hair, which is at a good length, draping down past her shoulders and inspired by charcoal, though not well kept
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Among African-Americans or Latín Americans, the status of mother is more primary
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raised by African-American women slaves
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Studies of African-Americans have
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The question of whether a Christian should seek a special missionary call from God for missionary service should concern the African-American student
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Dismiss immediately one untrue scenario that says Christ never wanted African-American missionaries serving overseas and therefore called none to missionary service
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In my opinion, the absence of African-American missionaries exposes one of the greatest injustices that whites have ever inflicted upon African Americans—teaching them a form of Christianity that does not empower them to carry the Gospel worldwide
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It is well-known that generations of African-American leaders struggled against white discrimination to win or preserve the right to govern in politics and churches
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The right to govern became one of the greatest causes of the African-American struggle for equality
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Black Power’s influence on many African-American church leaders during this struggle, in effect, undermined Ephesians 4:11’s teaching that recognized Christ-given gifted leaders without regard to race
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Reject the prosperity theology embraced by more African-American church leaders today
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I wish we had a mathematical solution to compensate for the lack of financial support for African-American full-time missionaries by black- and white-governed churches
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Several of my African-American colleagues in the ministry express frustration because black churches decline their requests for financial support
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Nevertheless, I will say that very few, obviously, invest in supporting long-term African-American international missionaries
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I conclude that most African-American church members cannot relate to this economic privilege and missions support strategy
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Presenting one’s need for missionary support, or giving financial support to missionaries, seems to cut across African-American middle class and working class convictions
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This misconception contradicts African-American Christians’ traditional perceptions of missions
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Until now, only a few African-American-led churches have financially supported missionaries who serve overseas
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7 In 1945, he also observed that some missions boards failed to notice the loss of African-American missionaries in their ranks
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These agencies withdrew their African-American missionaries thinking it was best to maintain law and order, and wrong to pressure the European governments to act justly
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These home missions societies established African-American churches and colleges, contributing to the idea that blacks should focus only on local missions
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An African-American pastor who served 10 years in West Africa reminded me that African leaders used the missionaries while the missionaries used them
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They deceived 400 African-American sharecropper men, whom the researchers diagnosed as having syphilis
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How could African-American professionals at Tuskegee University treat black sharecroppers inhumanely for 40 years? If Booker T
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Washington and other Christians founded Tuskegee to uplift African Americans, why would its black leadership collaborate with the government to harm them? How could African-American leaders at Tuskegee allow people of their race to be treated as laboratory materials and not as sick patients?2
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Answering these questions, I believe, may give insights for diagnosing some hidden barriers that undermine African-American participation in full-time missions
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Hopefully, when you have completed the chapter, you will see how the ideology supporting this horrible experiment came from the same ideology that hinders African-American missions mobilization
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After the Civil War, many African-American Christians felt a strong sense of duty and destiny to serve as missionaries to Africa
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Nevertheless, African-American missions professor and author Dr
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Jacobs concludes that the percentage of African-American missionaries who served in Africa before 1960 was relatively insignificant compared to the percentage of white American missionaries who ministered there
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5 The white and black experiments on African-American missionary mobilization conducted in this laboratory after the Civil War failed with devastating consequences
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Reading prominent African-American theologians and sociologists’ documentations about the demobilizing effects of white racism saddens me the most
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First, in the 1920s, cultural changes undermined the sanctity of the home and godly morals among African-American young people
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Third, by the 1950s, several future African-American civil rights leaders emerged from white liberal seminaries during a time when many Bible-believing seminaries remained segregated
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They respected African-American leadership in missions
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For example, Bowen’s minutes recorded the following encouragement given to the African-American leaders by the white bishop of the Episcopal Methodist denomination:
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Although intended to mobilize African-American missionaries, its ideology turned out to be a house of cards that quickly collapsed
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Strategically thinking members of the African-American middle class wanted to pull themselves up the evolutionary culture-ladder as representatives of the civilized black race
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” He described African-American ministers this way: Large in proportion of the ministry, because of intellectual weakness and moral inefficiency, is unable to check the degenerate growth
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Interestingly, Bowen made his indictment against blacks during the same time period when William Sheppard, an African-American HBCU alumnus, became a world-famous missionary to Africa
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One white leader opposed sending Sheppard to the Congo, for example, fearing that single African-American men could not handle the sexual temptations facing them in Africa
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First, the only quote that he recorded came from the white bishop who affirmed African-American potential to demonstrate their manhood and earn respect through missions
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All this occurred while southern racists managed to equate African-American social equity with a myth that black men innately wanted to rape white women
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In reality, African-American women lived in danger of rape by white employers and landlords
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I believe that previous missionary uplift ideology set up African-American leaders for the most spiritually destructive consequences yet to come
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This generation of African-American leaders became champions of this false mission at HBCUs and other universities
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As a Crozer trustee in 1942, Melton arranged a full tuition scholarship for an African-American student, Samuel D
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This history sets the stage for African-American demobilization today
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In 1921, two significant African-American leaders, the late Pastor James Drew and the late Dr
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This contrast challenges you to join a movement of African-American believers who respect the Bible’s authority and take a stand against false liberal theology
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African-American students wanting to find their identities in ministry after World War II entered into the aftermath of this spiritual devastation
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In contrast to the fundamentalists’ segregation, white liberal seminaries welcomed key African-American students and provided them scholarships
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His African-American pastor James A
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Naomi Dose, an African-American missionary from his church, served in Liberia and co-founded the Carver Bible College there
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He enrolled his children in a Christian school to break through the racial barrier for other African-American students there
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Gratefully praising God for Drew and Proctor’s generation of African-American leaders, I give them all due respect for their sacrificial and courageous struggles for civil rights
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In these white liberal seminaries, many African-American leaders abandoned the essential doctrines of the Christian faith
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For instance, through liberal theology or politics, white-organized Planned Parenthood partnered with African-American leaders, including W
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This alignment resulted in our first African-American president’s willingness to allow government funding for abortion
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If Dubois’ heart broke for the loss of African-American children’s potential in the South, how would he respond to the abortionist killing millions of black children across our nation? Would Dubois and King remain silent during this genocide today or would they take a bold stand against it like Mother Teresa
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Then his segregated congregation invited the African-American church to use their Sunday school’s meeting room while it repaired its own building
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Proctor became one of the most influential African-American champions of white liberal theology
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Samuel Proctor influenced many future African-American leaders as president or professor at several seminaries
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Many African-American theologians cite Proctor in their writings
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Unfortunately, Proctor’s influence encouraged many other African-American leaders to build their faith on doctrines that white liberals had championed at the expense of Biblical truth
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African-American leaders like Cone modified and adopted this white false teaching until it became their own
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Black nationalists warned African-American leaders to beware of the “drug of integration” offered by white liberals in the place of giving full rights
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Fifty-nine percent of African-American children do not live with their biological fathers
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African-American leaders have judged white Christians and pronounced them guilty for silent neglect during black struggles for freedom
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Yet African-American leaders have remained silent while white-dominated organizations murdered one-third of the African-American population
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Following Christ’s example of love and mercy, some white liberals led or aided the abolitionist movement and contributed resources for African-American education during reconstruction
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In the 1960s, some African-American theologians, including many in the seminaries and churches affiliated with historically black colleges and universities, enthusiastically promoted Black Theology
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Therefore, he promoted African-American involvement in missions when it focused on meeting social needs, but without introducing Christ’s plan of personal salvation
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As a result, racial equality eventually became the leaders’ mission in most traditional African-American churches and in HBCU’s seminaries during their struggles for civil rights
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African-American churches focused on caring for the poor in their own communities
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They disregarded, therefore, Christ’s world mandate as not being relevant to African-American experiences
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Now, some African-American church leaders also promote the pursuit of prosperity and/or the American dream, which drown out the missionary call
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If leaders in the African-American-governed part of the Church deny the authority of Christ’s Great Commission, deem it not relevant to your race, or leave you unaware of His mandate, they likewise deprive you of spiritual freedom
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In this same racialized historical context of the mid-1950s, my father’s action against segregation and his vision for mobilizing African-American missionaries failed for lack of support in South Carolina
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Even though my grandfather gave his life as Christ’s ambassador, African-American liberal church leaders would say he failed because he did not also bring about social justice and liberation for the Africans
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Take your vanguard opportunity to end the divide between African-American leaders and white missionaries
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Then she launched unhesitatingly into a discussion on how white men had raped African-American women
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For instance, about 10 years before my grandfather arrived in Africa, William Sheppard, an African-American Presbyterian missionary, had already exposed Belgium’s violent exploitation of Congo natives
