Используйте «data link» в предложении
data link примеры предложений
data link
1. You may establish a data link
2. data link layers in order for the network layer to function correctly!
3. Interface model does the work of both the Data Link and Physical Layers in the OSI
4. Standing well off the Senkaku Islands, an E-3B AWACS airborne surveillance aircraft fed a constantly updated air plot picture of the area to its base in Okinawa via an encrypted directional data link
5. ‘’Admiral, could you come examine the data link viewer? Something curious is happening with the Morgs
6. It wants to open a data link between the two of us
7. They will then pass the data via voice and secure data links to friendly combat aircraft that can provide secondary ID confirmation, interception and engagement via a range of airborne tactical stores including guns and more usually, missiles of various types
8. The Excel spreadsheet should include a real-time data link so you can monitor your positions
9. In many cases, protocols have functions that overlap two or more layers, such as Ethernet, which is considered a data link layer protocol but which also defines elements of the physical layer
10. The same process occurs again when the network layer passes its PDU to the data link layer protocol, which adds a header and footer
11. To a data link layer protocol, the data within the frame is treated as payload only, just as postal employees have no idea what is inside the envelopes they process
12. For example, when a system receives a packet and passes it up through the protocol stack, the data link layer protocol header includes a field that identifies which network layer protocol the system should use to process the packet
13. Most data link layer protocols are said to work with frames because they include both a header and a footer that surround the data from the network layer protocol
14. A data link layer protocol that uses PDUs of a uniform size, such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), is said to deal in cells
15. On networks using copper cable, the transceiver is an electrical device that takes the binary data it receives from the data link layer protocol and converts it into signals of various voltages
16. The signaling scheme is determined by the data link layer protocol being used
17. The header and footer applied to the network layer protocol data by the data link layer protocol are the outermost on the packet as it is transmitted across the network
18. In addition, data link layer protocols usually include an error-detection facility and an indicator that specifies the network layer protocol that the receiving system should use to process the data included in the packet
19. When speaking of the data link layer, the terms protocol and topology are often confused, but they are not synonymous
20. This confusion is understandable since most data link layer protocols include elements of the physical layer in their specifications
21. It is necessary for the data link layer protocol to be intimately related to the physical layer because media access control mechanisms are highly dependent on the size of the frames being transmitted and the lengths of the cable segments
22. The data link layer protocol header contains the address of the computer sending the packet and the computer that is to receive it
23. Thus, while the OSI reference model might create a neat division between the physical and data link layers, in the real world, the functionality of the two is more closely intertwined
24. This means that, unlike the data link layer protocol, which is concerned only with getting the packet to its next destination on the local network, the network layer protocol is responsible for the packet’s entire journey from the source system to its ultimate destination
25. Like a data link layer protocol header, the header at the network layer contains the address of the destination system, but this address identifies the packet’s final destination
26. Thus, the destination addresses in the data link layer and network layer protocol headers may actually refer to two different computers
27. The network layer protocol datagram is essentially an envelope within the data link layer envelope, and while the data link layer envelope is opened by every system that processes the packet, the network layer envelope remains sealed until the packet reaches its final destination
28. Because data link layer protocols are completely ignorant of conditions outside of the local network, it is left up to the network layer protocol to choose an appropriate route with an eye on the end-to-end journey of the packet, not just the next interim hop
29. The network layer protocol chooses a route for the packet and sends it back down to a data link layer protocol for packaging and transmission at the physical layer
30. When an intermediate system receives a packet, the data link layer protocol checks it for errors and for the correct hardware address and then strips off the data link header and footer and passes it up to the network layer protocol identified by the Ethernet-type field or its equivalent
31. The transport layer protocols and all the layers above them rely completely on the network and data link layers for addressing and transmission services
32. Instead, it receives notification from a protocol at the network or data link layer that an error has occurred and that specific packets have been lost or corrupted
33. Even though most data link layer protocols have their own error-detection and correction mechanisms, they function only over the individual hops between two systems
34. Most of the data link layer protocols that use twisted-pair cable separate the transmitted and received signals onto different wire pairs
35. Some data link layer protocols can run at different speeds, and the capability of a NIC to support these speeds can be an important part of selecting the correct product for your network
36. The network cable type is typically selected at the same time as the data link layer protocol, and the NICs you purchase must support that medium
37. Some data link layer protocols support different types of cables, and NICs are available for each one, while other protocols are designed to use only one type of cable
38. When building a LAN, the standard for the data link layer protocol you intend to use contains specifications for the types of cable you can use and the guidelines for installing them
39. When you do this using standard repeating hubs, all the computers remain in the same collision domain, and you must observe the configuration guidelines for the data link layer protocol used on the network
40. A bridge is another device used to connect LAN cable segments, but unlike hubs, bridges operate at the data link layer of the OSI model and are selective about the packets that pass through them
41. As each packet enters the bridge, the device reads its destination address in the data link layer protocol header and, if the packet is destined for a system on another segment, forwards the packet to that segment
42. In this case, the packet filtering is occurring at the data link layer, but it can also occur at the network and transport layers
43. However, as with a hub or repeater, the bridge makes no changes in the packet whatsoever and is completely unaware of the contents within the data link layer frame
44. In Chapter 2, the protocol operating at the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model’s data link layer was compared to a postal system, in which each packet is a piece of mail and the data link layer frame functions as the envelope containing the data generated by the upper layers
45. In the previous sections, you learned how repeaters, hubs, and bridges can connect network segments at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model, creating a larger LAN with a single collision domain
46. You can, for example, connect an Ethernet network to a Token Ring network because packets entering a router are stripped of their data link layer protocol headers as they pass up the protocol stack to the network layer
47. After processing, the router then encapsulates the PDU in a new data link layer header using whatever protocol is running on the other network to which the router is connected
48. Routers can connect networks of vastly different types, and the process of transferring datagrams from one data link layer protocol to another can require more than simply stripping off one header and applying a new one
49. Data link layer protocols are associated with specific cable types and include guidelines for the installation of the cable, such as maximum segment lengths
50. For example, a connection between two adjacent buildings is better served by fiber-optic than copper, so with that requirement in mind, you should proceed to evaluate the data link layer protocols that support the use of fiber-optic cable
