1.
‘Yes, I’m renting here and what with the job situation I don’t feel comfortable not having any income … I think I shall have to give my landlord notice and move back to my house in Bridgwater
2.
‘I’ve given my landlord notice that I’ll be vacating the house and that it will be left empty for a few weeks as a result
3.
The man drove his van back to The Stables while we took a slight detour via Liz’s landlord in order to hand back the keys
4.
He is going to come over to see Liz later – she’ll have to notify her landlord
5.
The landlord, Jack Warner wasn’t too happy that the locals were
6.
it was always said that when they both passed on, the landlord
7.
The landlord left the bar and approached the only people in the
8.
As they left the Blacksmith Arms the landlord was
9.
the pub landlord has thrown off
10.
At the end of the meal the two men said their goodbyes to the landlord and headed for the car park, the businessman promising to drop his friend a line shortly to confirm the details discussed
11.
Helen also knew that Ken would be uncomfortable with the idea of accompanying his son because of the inconvenience of age, for although the landlord sometimes turned a blind eye to underage drinking, he always kept Sunday evening as a child free haven for the exhausted parents of the parish
12.
goodbyes to the landlord and headed for the car park, the
13.
‘I’ll have to give a month’s notice to my landlord
14.
‘My landlord wasn’t too happy when I told him I was leaving
15.
ever kept the place up, even though their landlord lived across the street
16.
My landlord and his wife are very nice people
17.
Then I went to this landlord that I had previously rented an apartment from and I wound up living in this really horrible one room apartment, one room in the back of another house
18.
He must then pay for the licence to gather them, and must give up to the landlord a portion of what his labour either collects or produces
19.
In the price of corn, for example, one part pays the rent of the landlord, another pays the wages or maintenance of the labourers and labouring cattle employed in producing it, and the third pays the profit of the farmer
20.
The revenue which proceeds altogether from land, is called rent, and belongs to the landlord
21.
A gentleman who farms a part of his own estate, after paying the expense of cultivation, should gain both the rent of the landlord and the profit of the farmer
22.
A gardener who cultivates his own garden with his own hands, unites in his own person the three different characters, of landlord, farmer, and labourer
23.
In settling the terms of the lease, the landlord and farmer endeavour, according to their best judgment, to adjust that rate, not to the temporary and occasional, but to the average and ordinary price of the produce
24.
He has neither landlord nor master to share with him
25.
As soon as land becomes private property, the landlord demands a share of almost all the produce which the labourer can either raise or collect from it
26.
A landlord, a farmer, a master manufacturer, or merchant, though they did not employ a single workman, could generally live a year or two upon the stocks, which they have already acquired
27.
When the landlord, annuitant, or monied man, has a greater revenue than what he judges sufficient to maintain his own family, he employs either the whole or a part of the surplus in maintaining one or more menial servants
28.
As the profits which can afford such an interest must eat up almost the whole rent of the landlord, so such enormous usury must in its turn eat up the greater part of those profits
29.
In adjusting the terms of the lease, the landlord endeavours to leave him no greater share of the produce than what is sufficient to keep up the stock from which he furnishes the seed, pays the labour, and purchases and maintains the cattle and other instruments of husbandry, together with the ordinary profits of farming stock in the neighbourhood
30.
This is evidently the smallest share with which the tenant can content himself, without being a loser, and the landlord seldom means to leave him any more
31.
Sometimes, indeed, the liberality, more frequently the ignorance, of the landlord, makes him accept of somewhat less than this portion ; and sometimes, too, though more rarely, the ignorance of the tenant makes him undertake to pay somewhat more, or to content himself with somewhat less, than the ordinary profits of farming stock in the neighbourhood
32.
The rent of land, it may be thought, is frequently no more than a reasonable profit or interest for the stock laid out by the landlord upon its
33.
The landlord demands a rent even for unimproved land, and the supposed interest or profit upon the expense of improvement is generally an addition to this original rent
34.
Those improvements, besides, are not always made by the stock of the landlord, but sometimes by that of the tenant
35.
When the lease comes to be renewed, however, the landlord commonly demands the same augmentation of rent as if they had been all made by his own
36.
The landlord, however, whose estate is bounded by a kelp shore of this kind, demands a rent for it as much as for his corn-fields
37.
The rent of the landlord is in proportion, not to what the farmer can make by the land, but to what he can make both by the land and the water
38.
It is not at all proportioned to what the landlord may have laid out upon the improvement of the land, or to what he can afford to take, but to what the farmer can afford to give
39.
If it is not more, though the commodity may be brought to market, it can afford no rent to the landlord
40.
Something, therefore, always remains for a rent to the landlord
41.
The most desert moors in Norway and Scotland produce some sort of pasture for cattle, of which the milk and the increase are always more than sufficient, not only to maintain all the labour necessary for tending them, and to pay the ordinary profit to the farmer or the owner of the herd or flock, but to afford some small rent to the landlord
42.
The landlord gains both ways; by the increase of the produce, and by the diminution of the labour which must be maintained out of it
43.
A greater quantity of labour, therefore, must be maintained out of it; and the surplus, from which are drawn both the profit of the farmer and the rent of the landlord, must be diminished
44.
A smaller proportion of this diminished surplus, therefore, must belong to the landlord
45.
A great part of the cultivated lands must be employed in rearing and fattening cattle ; of which the price, therefore, must be sufficient to pay, not only the labour necessary for tending them, but the rent which the landlord, and the profit which the farmer, could have drawn from such land employed in tillage
46.
Whatever it be, the greater part of it goes to the rent of the landlord
47.
The respective prices of corn, rice, and sugar, are there probably in the natural proportion, or in that which naturally takes place in the different crops of the greater part of cultivated land, and which recompenses the landlord and farmer, as nearly as can be computed, according to what is usually the original expense of improvement, and the annual expense of cultivation
48.
If, in any country, the common and favourite vegetable food of the people should be drawn from a plant of which the most common land, with the same, or nearly the same culture, produced a much greater quantity than the most fertile does of corn ; the rent of the landlord, or the surplus quantity of food which would remain to him, after paying the labour, and replacing the stock of the farmer, together with its ordinary profits, would necessarily be much greater
49.
Whatever was the rate at which labour was commonly maintained in that country, this greater surplus could always maintain a greater quantity of it, and, consequently, enable the landlord to purchase or command a greater quantity of it
50.
In those rice countries, therefore, where rice is the common and favourite vegetable food of the people, and where the cultivators are chiefly maintained with it, a greater share of this greater surplus should belong to the landlord than in corn countries
51.
A greater share of this surplus, too, would belong to the landlord
52.
In the one state, a great part of them is thrown away as useless and the price of what is used is considered as equal only to the labour and expense of fitting it for use, and can, therefore, afford no rent to the landlord
53.
Their price, therefore, can always afford some rent to the landlord
54.
It affords, therefore, some rent to the landlord
55.
In countries not better cultivated than England was then, or than the Highlands of Scotland are now, and which had no foreign commerce, the materials of clothing would evidently be so superabundant, that a great part of them would be thrown away as useless, and no part could afford any rent to the landlord
56.
frequently happens, even in the present commercial state of the world, that they are of no value to the landlord
57.
But in many parts of North America, the landlord would be much obliged to any body who would carry away the greater part of his large trees
58.
In its rude beginnings, the greater part of every country is covered with wood, which is then a mere incumbrance, of no value to the landlord, who would gladly give it to any body for the cutting
59.
It affords a good rent ; and the landlord sometimes finds that he can scarce employ his best lands more advantageously than in growing barren timber, of which the greatness of the profit often compensates the lateness of the returns
60.
The advantage which the landlord derives from planting can nowhere exceed, at least for any considerable time, the rent which these could afford him ; and in an inland country, which is highly cuitivated, it will frequently not fall much short of this rent
61.
If there had been no tax, this fifth would naturally have belonged to the landlord, and many mines might have been wrought which could not then be wrought, because they could not afford this tax
62.
He becomes proprietor of this portion of the mine, and can work it without paving any acknowledgment to the landlord
63.
The land which produces a certain quantity of food, clothes, and lodging, can always feed, clothe, and lodge, a certain number of people ; and whatever may be the proportion of the landlord, it will always give him a proportionable command of the labour of those people, and of the commodities with which that labour can supply him
64.
It sometimes happened, however, that the landlord would stipulate, that he should be at liberty to demand of the tenant, either the annual payment in kind or a certain sum of money instead of it
65.
As the option is always in the landlord to take either the substance or the price, it is necessary, for the safety of the tenant, that the conversion price should rather be below than above the average market price
66.
This institution rendered it sufficiently safe for the tenant, and much more convenient for the landlord, to convert, as they call it, the corn rent, rather at what should happen to be the price of the fiars of each year, than at any certain fixed price
67.
It is the price which affords nothing to the landlord, of which rent makes not any component part, but which resolves itself altogether into wages and profit
68.
The price both of the great and small cattle, which are fed on improved and cultivated land, must be sufficient to pay the rent which the landlord, and the profit which the farmer, has reason to expect from improved and cultivated land
69.
It raises the price of animal food ; because a great part of the land which produces it, being rendered fit for producing corn, must afford to the landlord anti farmer the rent and profit of corn land
70.
I shall conclude this very long chapter with observing, that every improvement in the circumstances of the society tends, either directly or indirectly, to raise the real rent of land to increase the real wealth of the landlord, his power of purchasing the labour, or the produce of the labour of other people
71.
A greater proportion of it must consequently belong to the landlord
72.
The landlord exchanges that part of his rude produce, which is over and above his own consumption, or, what comes to the same thing, the price of that part of it, for manufactured produce
73.
An equal quantity of the former becomes thereby equivalent to a greater quantity of the latter ; and the landlord is enabled to purchase a greater quantity of the conveniencies, ornaments, or luxuries which he has occasion for
74.
The contrary circumstances, the neglect of cultivation and improvement, the fall in the real price of any part of the rude produce of land, the rise in the real price of manufactures from the decay of manufacturing art and industry, the declension of the real wealth of the society, all tend, on the other hand, to lower the real rent of land, to reduce the real wealth of the landlord, to diminish his power of purchasing either the labour, or the produce of the labour, of other people
75.
The gross rent of a private estate comprehends whatever is paid by the farmer; the neat rent, what remains free to the landlord, after deducting the expense of management, of repairs, and all other necessary charges; or what, without hurting his estate, he can afford to place in his stock reserved for immediate consumption, or to spend upon his table, equipage, the ornaments of his house and furniture, his private enjoyments and amusements
76.
The expense of repairs may frequently be necessary for supporting the produce of the estate, and consequently both the gross and the neat rent of the landlord
77.
Thus, of the produce of land, one part replaces the capital of the farmer ; the other pays his profit and the rent of the landlord ; and thus constitutes a revenue both to the owner of this capital, as the profits of his stock, and to some other person as the rent of his land
78.
Thus, not only the great landlord or the rich merchant, but even the common workman, if his wages are considerable, may maintain a menial servant; or he may sometimes go to a play or a puppet-show, and so contribute his share towards maintaining one set of unproductive labourers; or he may pay some taxes, and thus help to maintain another set, more honourable and useful, indeed, but equally unproductive
79.
Thus, at present, in the opulent countries of Europe, a very large, frequently the largest, portion of the produce of the land, is destined for replacing the capital of the rich and independent farmer ; the other for paying his profits, and the rent of the landlord
80.
It generally, too, belonged to the landlord, and was by him advanced to the occupiers of the land
81.
In the present state of Europe, the share of the landlord seldom exceeds a third, sometimes not a fourth part of the whole produce of the land
82.
Over and above the capital of the farmer, and all its profits, they regularly occasion the reproduction of the rent of the landlord
83.
This rent may be considered as the produce of those powers of Nature, the use of which the landlord lends to the farmer
84.
The capital of the landlord, on the contrary, which is fixed in the improvement of his land, seems to be as well secured as the nature of human affairs can admit of
85.
As the capital of the landlord or farmer is more secure than that of the manufacturer, so the capital of the manufacturer, being at all times more within his view and command, is more secure than that of the foreign merchant
86.
In those disorderly times, every great landlord was a sort of petty prince
87.
A villain, enfranchised, and at the same time allowed to continue in possession of the land, having no stock of his own, could cultivate it only by means of what the landlord advanced to him, and must therefore have been what the French call a metayer
88.
It could never, however, be the interest even of this last species of cultivators, to lay out, in the further improvement of the land, any part of the little stock which they might save from their own share of the produce ; because the landlord, who laid out nothing, was to get one half of whatever it produced
89.
In France, where five parts out of six of the whole kingdom are said to be still occupied by this species of cultivators, the proprietors complain, that their metayers take every opportunity of employing their master's cattle rather in carriage than in cultivation ; because, in the one case, they get the whole profits to themselves, in the other they share them with their landlord
90.
Those ancient English tenants, who are said by Chief-Baron Gilbert and Dr Blackstone to have been rather bailiffs of the landlord than farmers, properly so called, were probably of the same kind
91.
To this species of tenantry succeeded, though by very slow degrees, farmers, properly so called, who cultivated the land with their own stock, paying a rent certain to the landlord
92.
This action has been found so effectual a remedy, that, in the modern practice, when the landlord has occasion to sue for the possession of the land, he seldom makes use of the actions which properly belong to him as a landlord, the writ of right or the writ of entry, but sues in the name of his tenant, by the writ of ejectment
93.
There is, I believe, nowhere in Europe, except in England, any instance of the tenant building upon the land of which he had no lease, and trusting that the honour of his landlord would take no advantage of so important an improvement
94.
Avarice and injustice are always short-sighted, and they did not foresee how much this regulation must obstruct improvement, and thereby hurt, in the long-run, the real interest of the landlord
95.
The farmers, too, besides paying the rent, were anciently, it was supposed, bound to perform a great number of services to the landlord, which were seldom either specified in the lease, or regulated by any precise rule, but by the use and wont of the manor or barony
96.
The expensive vanity of the landlord made him willing to accept of this condition ; and hence the origin of long leases
97.
Even a tenant at will, who pays the full value of the land, is not altogether dependent upon the landlord
98.
But if he has a lease for along term of years, he is altogether independent; and his landlord must not expect from him even the most trifling service, beyond what is either expressly stipulated in the lease, or imposed upon him by the common and known law of the country
99.
and to pay his landlord a money rent proportionable to this rise in the money price of his produce; yet if, in consequence of this rise in the price of corn, 4s
100.
would have done before, neither the circumstances of the farmer, nor those of the landlord, will be much mended by this change
